High-voltage power transmission lines operating in storm-prone regions are exposed to electromagnetic disturbances caused by lightning discharges, which can produce transient overvoltages, insulation stress, protective-device operation, and interruptions in electricity supply. Understanding these disturbances requires an integrated analysis of lightning-current characteristics, electromagnetic-field propagation, transmission-line responses, and surge-protection mechanisms. This research and review article develops a conceptual framework for analyzing electromagnetic transients in high-voltage transmission networks exposed to frequent thunderstorms. The methodology combines a critical review of the nine supplied references with a structured engineering framework covering lightning-source characterization, electromagnetic coupling, transient propagation, insulation coordination, and mitigation strategies. Particular attention is given to the relationship between lightning return currents and induced electromagnetic effects, as well as the influence of transmission-line configuration and grounding conditions on transient behavior. The analysis indicates that effective transient management depends on evaluating the complete interaction between the lightning source, transmission infrastructure, and protective equipment rather than considering individual components in isolation. The article also identifies limitations in the supplied literature, including the absence of a unified quantitative comparison, a common simulation dataset, and field-validated performance measurements. The proposed framework provides a basis for future simulation-based and experimental research aimed at improving transmission-system resilience in lightning-intensive environments.