Purpose: This research article develops an integrative, theory-driven framework for sustainable healthcare supply chain transformation that synthesizes stakeholder perceptions, digital innovations (IoT, blockchain), governance structures, and operational practices. Drawing exclusively on the provided literature, the paper investigates how multi-dimensional sustainability — environmental, social and economic — can be embedded into pharmaceutical and medical-device supply chains while preserving resilience, compliance, and clinical integrity. (Author, Year) citations are used throughout to ground claims in the supplied corpus.
Methodology: The study adopts a rigorous conceptual synthesis approach, combining systems-thinking, stakeholder theory, and supply-chain decision methods described in the reference set. The methodology section explains the selection logic, thematic coding, and cross-referential analytical steps used to triangulate prior evidence into a cohesive model suitable for empirical testing. (Sinha & Kohnke, 2009; Carter & Rogers, 2008; Settanni et al., 2017).
Findings: The synthesis yields a multi-level framework that locates sustainability drivers (regulatory pressures, ethical imperatives, stakeholder perceptions), enablers (IoT, blockchain, collaboration mechanisms, Industry 4.0 technologies), and barriers (institutional inertia, decentralized structures, compliance gaps) in relation to operational outcomes (carbon footprint reduction, waste minimization, supply resilience). The framework highlights critical leverage points—governance redesign, cross-sector collaboration, digital traceability, and capacity-building—that together mediate a transition toward circular, low-carbon healthcare supply chains (Reficco et al., 2018; Rejeb et al., 2019; Rizan et al., 2020).
Practical implications: The article offers actionable strategic pathways for healthcare organizations, procurement agencies, and policy-makers to align procurement and logistics with sustainability objectives while maintaining patient safety and regulatory compliance. Recommendations stress multi-stakeholder engagement, decentralized-decision alignment, and adoption of traceability technologies combined with rigorous risk management practices (Pickard, 2022; Provancha, 2019; Chowdhury, 2025).
Originality/value: By strictly synthesizing the supplied references, this paper produces a publication-ready, theory-rich framework that reconciles competing demands in health supply chains — sustainability, resilience, ethics, and innovation — and articulates testable propositions for future empirical research and policy design. (Peloza et al., 2012; Pereno & Eriksson, 2020).

The convergence of big data analytics and circular economy principles presents transformative opportunities for business model innovation and sustainability. This study develops a comprehensive theoretical framework to explore how organizations can integrate big data into circular business models, examining both enablers and barriers to effective implementation. Drawing on a synthesis of prior empirical and conceptual research, the paper delineates the mechanisms through which data-driven insights support product lifecycle management, resource efficiency, and the creation of closed-loop systems (Zhang et al., 2017; Tseng et al., 2018). The study identifies strategic, organizational, and technological factors that influence the adoption of circular business models and highlights the potential for systemic innovation to drive competitive advantage and environmental value creation (Teece, 2010; Urbinati et al., 2017). Key findings suggest that while big data enables predictive capabilities and enhanced decision-making, organizational inertia, path dependency, and resource constraints pose significant barriers (Lehtimäki et al., 2020; Vermunt et al., 2019). The research also emphasizes the critical role of business model experimentation and stakeholder engagement in facilitating the transition toward sustainable, circular operations (Bocken et al., 2016b; Hofmann & Jaeger-Erben, 2020). This study contributes to both academic discourse and managerial practice by offering a structured framework for integrating digital and circular strategies, proposing pathways for future research, and outlining practical implications for policymakers and business leaders.

The transition toward circular economy paradigms has become a central focus in sustainability research and practice, emphasizing the need for innovative business models that extend product life cycles, minimize resource consumption, and maximize economic and environmental value. This study examines the multidimensional integration of circular business model innovation, product design strategies, and digital capabilities, with particular attention to institutional and organizational factors shaping adoption. Drawing on a comprehensive review of literature spanning circular economy frameworks, sustainable business model archetypes, digital business strategy, and resource management, this research identifies critical enablers, barriers, and mechanisms for implementing circular business models. Methodologically, this paper employs a qualitative synthesis approach, combining theoretical insights with empirical evidence from case studies and prior analyses. The findings reveal that successful circular business models require alignment between product design, organizational capabilities, stakeholder collaboration, and regulatory support, mediated by technological innovations such as big data analytics, smart systems, and digital platforms. Furthermore, institutional pressures, legitimacy strategies, and consumption policies significantly influence the uptake and diffusion of circular practices. The study highlights the necessity of viewing circular business models not only as economic instruments but as socio-technical and institutional innovations capable of fostering systemic sustainability transitions. By elucidating these linkages, this research offers both theoretical and practical guidance for corporations, policymakers, and academics aiming to advance circular economy principles. Implications for future research include the need for longitudinal studies to assess dynamic interactions among design, technology, and institutional factors, as well as the development of integrative evaluation frameworks for measuring circular performance.